What happens when the dielectric of a capacitor breaks down?

When the dielectric of a capacitor breaks down, it leads to the loss of its ability to store energy. The dielectric material is essential for maintaining the separation of electric charges on the capacitor's plates. When the dielectric fails, it can no longer provide the necessary insulation between the plates, causing a short circuit. This results in the capacitor becoming ineffective at storing energy, as it no longer functions according to its intended design.

The breakdown of the dielectric typically occurs when the voltage exceeds the material's dielectric strength, leading to a rapid discharge of electrical energy. This situation not only impairs the capacitor's functionality but may also pose safety hazards, such as overheating or even fire, depending on the circumstances of the failure. In contrast, the other options incorrectly suggest enhanced performance or unintended operation that does not occur during dielectric breakdown.