What is the relationship between voltage and the number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer?

The relationship between voltage and the number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer is governed by the principle of electromagnetic induction, specifically Faraday's law. In a transformer, the voltage across the coils is proportional to the number of turns in those coils.

When the number of turns on the primary coil increases, the transformer can induce a higher voltage in the secondary coil, provided the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils is maintained. This principle is utilized in step-up transformers, where a higher number of turns in the primary coil relative to the secondary coil results in an increased voltage output. The formula ( V_p / V_s = N_p / N_s ) illustrates this relationship, where ( V ) represents voltage, and ( N ) represents the number of turns in the primary (p) and secondary (s) coils. Thus, an increase in the number of turns in the primary effectively leads to a higher voltage across that coil.

This fundamental relationship is foundational in understanding how transformers operate, particularly in how they adjust voltage levels for various applications in electrical systems.